Journal: The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Article Title: Regulation of δ Opioid Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Antinociception in Peripheral Sensory Neurons by Arachidonic Acid–Dependent 12/15-Lipoxygenase Metabolites

doi: 10.1124/jpet.117.241604

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of 12- and 15-LOX activity restores DOR system responsiveness for the reduction of PGE2-evoked thermal allodynia after AA treatment. Rats received injections of AA (3 μg, 50 μl, intraplantarly) 30 minutes before injections of Veh or the LOX inhibitors (LOXi) LUT (3 μg) and BAIC (3 μg) in combination (50 μl, intraplantarly). Rats were then injected with BK (25 μg, intraplantarly) 15 minutes later to induce functional competence; 15 minutes after BK administration, DOR responsiveness was assessed by injecting PGE2 (0.3 μg) along with DPDPE (20 μg) (50 µl, intraplantarly) and PWLs were measured before (baseline) and at 5-minute intervals after injection for 20 minutes. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. of the change from baseline PWL, six animals per group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared Veh-Veh.

Article Snippet: Bradykinin (BK), [D-Pen 2,5 ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), U50488 , 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), rolipram, and λ -carrageenan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO); prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), 12-HETE, 15-HETE, luteolin (LUT), baicalein (BAIC), AA, and the LC-MS lipid standards (12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI); The LC-MS lipid standards, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), leukotriene A4 (LTA4), linolenic acid (LA), and α -linolenic acid (ALA) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL); [ 125 I]-cAMP was purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences (Boston, MA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Injection, Functional Assay

Journal: The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Article Title: Regulation of δ Opioid Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Antinociception in Peripheral Sensory Neurons by Arachidonic Acid–Dependent 12/15-Lipoxygenase Metabolites

doi: 10.1124/jpet.117.241604

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of LOX inhibitors on the duration of DOR system responsiveness to DPDPE on carrageenan-induced thermal allodynia. (A) Then, 15 minutes after intraplantar injection of carrageenan (CARRA, 500 µg), thermal allodynia was reduced completely by DPDPE (20 µg) Data represent mean ± S.E.M. of six rats/group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 from CARRA-Veh. (B) Three hours after carrageenan injection, DPDPE no longer reduced thermal allodynia. After injection of the 12-/15-LOX inhibitors, reduction of carrageenan-induced thermal allodynia by DPDPE was restored. As shown in the time line, rats received intraplantar injections of Veh or a combination of the 12-LOX inhibitor, LUT (3 µg), and the 15-LOX inhibitor BAIC (3 µg) 2.5 hours after injection of carrageenan (500 µg). DPDPE (20 µg) was administered 30 minutes after LOX inhibitor pretreatment (i.e., responses to DPDPE were determined 3 hours after carrageenan administration). Data represent mean ± S.E.M. of six rats/group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 from CARRA-Veh-DPDPE.

Article Snippet: Bradykinin (BK), [D-Pen 2,5 ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), U50488 , 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), rolipram, and λ -carrageenan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO); prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), 12-HETE, 15-HETE, luteolin (LUT), baicalein (BAIC), AA, and the LC-MS lipid standards (12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI); The LC-MS lipid standards, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), leukotriene A4 (LTA4), linolenic acid (LA), and α -linolenic acid (ALA) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL); [ 125 I]-cAMP was purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences (Boston, MA).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure of four principles. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) (A), naringenin (NRG) (B), luteolin (LUT) (C), and myricetin (MCT) (D).

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-course bactericidal activity of H. rosa sinensis flower constituents at various concentrations ranging from MICs to MBCs toward H. pylori ATCC 43504. NRG (A), LUT (B), MCT (C), and PCA (D). The mean values (±SD) for the log number of CFU/mL were plotted.

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of H. rosa sinensis flower constituents at concentrations of sub-MICs on H. pylori ATCC 43504 biofilm formation 48 h of post-treatment. NRG (shaded square), MIC 100 mg/L; MCT (square with diagonal lines), MIC 150 mg/L; LUT (square with vertical lines), MIC 125 mg/L; PCA (unshaded square), MIC 250 mg/L.

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: In Vitro Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) of H. rosa sinensis Flower Constituents toward Test Strains of H. pylori by the Broth Dilution Bioassay

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques: In Vitro, Bioassay

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic Effect of Test Compounds on Four Human Cell Lines by the Sulforhodamine Assay

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Test Compounds and Thiourea on H. pylori ATCC 43504 Urease Activity by the Salicylate-Hypochlorite Method

Article Snippet: Pure organic compounds naringenin (NRG) (98%), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (≥98%), luteolin (LUT) (≥98%), and myricetin (MCT) (≥98%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques: Activity Assay